Custom-tailored Kinase Assay Services

Custom-tailored kinase inhibition studies can be performed with kinases or substrates provided by the customer or by Reaction Biology.

Customers are welcome to consult with our scientists to identify the best approach for custom-tailored project or a mechanism of action analysis based on the nature of the compound and research goals.

Reaction Biology is a partner for integrated drug discovery, offering services to support every step of the drug discovery process. Reach out today to discuss your research needs with our scientists.

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Custom-tailored assay examples

Kinetics, Binding affinity

Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay (SPR)

SPR is commonly used to determine the kinetics of target-analyte binding kinetics. The assay detects changes in the molecular mass of a target after binding of the analyte. The target is immobilized to a sensor chip and the analyte flows to the target. Target binding is monitored in real-time for both: association and dissociation.

Visit our SPR webpage

Stoichiometry, Enthalpy

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC)

ITC is used to determine the binding affinity, stoichiometry, and enthalpy as well as entropy of the binding event of an agent to a target. The assay measures temperature changes when the agent binds to a target determining the mechanism of action on the molecular level.

Visit our ITC webpage

ATP Competition

An ATP competition study can determine whether a compound is competitive with ATP or not. The results can include kinetic constants, Km for ATP, and Ki for the inhibitor, as well as the mechanism of inhibition at a constant substrate concentration.

Example of dependency of the IC50 values on ATP concentration of the MEK1 inhibitor Selumetinib compared to ATP-competitive reference inhibitor Staurosporine

Substrate Competition

The Substrate Competition Study tests whether the customer’s compound is competitive concerning the substrate. The results include kinetic constants, Km for substrate, and Ki for the inhibitor, as well as the mechanism of inhibition at a constant ATP concentration.
The kinase assay will be performed at room temperature. Compounds will be added as 10-dose IC50 mode into the enzyme/substrate mixture at 5 substrate concentrations, and pre-incubated for 20 min to ensure compounds are equilibrated and bound to the enzyme. Then a constant concentration of ATP will be added to initiate the reaction. The activity will be monitored every 5-15 min for a time-course study.

Please download an example of a Substrate Competitive Study to learn more.

Reversibility Study

The Reversibility Study tests whether the customer’s compound inhibits enzyme reversibly or not. The assay is designed for a non-tight binding inhibitor. The protocol in brief is; the enzyme at 100x concentration is incubated with compound (1:1 molar ratio), and then diluted 100-fold into the reaction buffer to initiate the reaction. The activity will be monitored every 5-15 min for a time-course study.

Please download an example of a Reversibility Study to learn more.

Time Dependent Inhibition

The Time-Dependent Inhibition Study tests the on-rate of an inhibitor which is irreversible and ATP competitive.

The kinase assays will be performed at room temperature. The compound with serial dilution in DMSO will be added at 10-dose IC50 mode into the enzyme/substrate mixture, and 5 concentrations of ATP will be added immediately without pre-incubation to initiate the reaction. The activity will be monitored every 5-15 min for the time course.

Please download an example of a Time-dependent Study to learn more.

Kinase Activation Assay

The Kinase Activation Assay is suitable for the discovery of allosteric compounds that inhibit the activation of a target kinase by an upstream kinase.

Example of³³PanQinase^TM based ERK2 activation assay. Non-activated ERK2 was incubated with active MEK1 (D) in the presence of various amounts of a generic ERK2 substrate (RBER- CHKtide) and 5 μM ATP. Neither non-activated ERK2 (C) nor active MEK1(B) on their own could phosphorylate RBERCHKtide above substrate background signal (A). Activation of non-active ERK2 by catalytic amounts of active MEK1 resulted in ERK2 activity comparable to that of pre-activated ERK2 (compare D and E).

A. Substrate (RBER-CHKtide) background signal.
B. MEK1 was incubated with a substrate to ensure MEK1 does not directly phosphorylate the substrate.
C. Non-activated ERK2 was incubated with a substrate.
D. Non-activated ERK2 was incubated with MEK1 and substrate.
E. Recombinantly activated ERK2 was incubated with a substrate for positive control.

Please download our an example of the Kinase Activation Assay to learn more.

Compound Library Screening

Reaction Biology has the following compound libraries available for high-throughput screening. We can also use other compound libraries provided by the client or third companies.

Name	Vendor	Number of Compounds
DIVERSet-CL Library	Chembridge	50.000
Maybridge HitCreator	FisherSci/Maybridge	14.200
Diversity Screening Set	Life Chemicals	50.240
FDA-approved Drug Library	SelleckChem	2.701
Kinase Inhibitor Library	SelleckChem	1.802
2018 FDA-approved Mini Library (compiled by Reaction Biology)	SelleckChem & MedChem Express	50
Natural Products Library NPL-720	TimTec	720
PPI Fragments	Life Chemicals	3.873
Ultimate Fragment Library Selection	Life Chemicals	1.000

Autoradiography

Autoradiograms of radiolabeled proteins or peptides help understand biological processes involving post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation using radioactive ³³P or ³²P.

Typical research questions that can be answered by radiography:

Explore the activity of newly produced kinase constructs before diving into assay development and optimization for higher-throughput screening
Because autoradiograms are extremely sensitive, kinases with very low activity can be investigated.
Quality control of kinase screening assays to determine which components of the assay mix are getting phosphorylated, e.g. is just the substrate phosphorylated, or does the signal originate from autophosphorylation of the kinase?

Assay Development

Please visit our Protein Production and Assay Development webpage for further information.

Custom-tailored Kinase Assay Services

Custom-tailored assay examples

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